Wales is often called the “Land of Castles”—and it’s not just a nickname. With more castles per square mile than any other country in Europe, Wales is a paradise for history buffs, architecture lovers, and anyone who enjoys atmospheric landscapes. Here’s a look at some of the most popular Welsh castles, each boasting its own unique story and breathtaking setting.

1. Caernarfon Castle

Location: Caernarfon, Gwynedd (North Wales)
Why Visit?

  • UNESCO World Heritage Site: Caernarfon Castle, along with other Edwardian fortresses in North Wales, earned this prestigious status for its exceptional medieval military architecture.
  • Iconic Towers: The castle’s polygonal towers and massive curtain walls offer a striking, fortress-like appearance.
  • Historic Importance: Built in the late 13th century by King Edward I to strengthen English power in Wales, it remains a symbol of royal authority.

What to Do: Climb the Eagle Tower, the tallest tower in the castle, for sweeping views of the town and Menai Strait. On certain days, you can watch medieval reenactments that bring the fortress’s dramatic history to life.

2. Conwy Castle

Location: Conwy, North Wales
Why Visit?

  • Medieval Masterpiece: Another of Edward I’s impressive “Iron Ring” castles.
  • Panoramic Views: Perched by the Conwy estuary, the castle offers stunning vistas of the surrounding town and coastline.
  • Ancient Town Walls: Conwy’s medieval walls, also part of the World Heritage designation, remain remarkably intact and encircle the historic town center.

What to Do: After exploring the castle’s imposing gatehouses and towers, take a walk along the town walls for a bird’s-eye view of Conwy’s narrow streets and traditional architecture.

3. Harlech Castle

Location: Harlech, Gwynedd (North Wales)
Why Visit?

  • Dramatic Setting: Standing on a rocky crag overlooking the Irish Sea, Harlech Castle offers some of Wales’s most awe-inspiring coastal views.
  • Steeped in Legend: Known for the “Way from the Sea” steps that once carried supplies from the water’s edge to the fortress above.
  • UNESCO World Heritage Site: Harlech Castle completes the triumvirate of Edward I’s famous forts, each heralded for their groundbreaking design and historical importance.

What to Do: Bring a camera and watch the sun set over Cardigan Bay from the castle walls. If you’re up for a little adventure, explore nearby Snowdonia National Park.

4. Beaumaris Castle

Location: Isle of Anglesey, North Wales
Why Visit?

  • Architectural Perfection: Known as Edward I’s “unfinished masterpiece” due to financial constraints cutting construction short, but it remains one of the most technically perfect medieval castles in Britain.
  • Symmetrical Layout: The castle’s near-concentric design, with its robust outer walls and moat, showcases advanced medieval military engineering.
  • Scenic Island: Situated on the Isle of Anglesey, Beaumaris is just a short journey from mainland Wales but feels a world away.

What to Do: Stroll around the water-filled moat for excellent photo ops. Afterwards, explore the quaint seaside town of Beaumaris with its shops, eateries, and Victorian pier.

5. Cardiff Castle

Location: Cardiff, South Wales
Why Visit?

  • Urban Oasis: Located right in the heart of Wales’s modern capital city, Cardiff Castle blends 2,000 years of history with vibrant city life.
  • Roman Roots: The site traces back to a Roman fort, with remnants of the Roman wall still visible.
  • Victorian Flair: The castle was extensively remodeled in the 19th century by architect William Burges, who created a lavish Gothic Revival interior.

What to Do: Take a guided tour to admire the spectacularly ornate interiors, including the Arab Room and the Banqueting Hall. Then, relax in the surrounding Bute Park or attend one of the many concerts or festivals hosted at the castle grounds.

6. Caerphilly Castle

Location: Caerphilly, South Wales
Why Visit?

  • Massive Scale: Covering 30 acres, Caerphilly is the largest castle in Wales—and one of the largest in the UK.
  • Elaborate Defenses: Surrounded by an extensive system of lakes and moats, the castle was built to repel would-be attackers.
  • Leaning Tower: The famous leaning tower tilts more than the Leaning Tower of Pisa, lending a quirky charm to the imposing fortress.

What to Do: Explore the inner courtyard and climb up the towers for views over the water defenses. Time your visit to catch medieval fairs, reenactments, or the annual Big Cheese Festival held in the castle grounds.

7. Pembroke Castle

Location: Pembroke, West Wales
Why Visit?

  • Royal Birthplace: King Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty, was born here in 1457.
  • Riverside Setting: Overlooking the River Cleddau, the castle’s lush surroundings add to its serene appeal.
  • Towering Keep: Pembroke’s massive round keep is one of the largest of its kind in the UK.

What to Do: Join a guided tour to learn about the castle’s medieval past, then enjoy a picnic along the picturesque riverside. For a deeper dive into Welsh history, combine your visit with nearby coastal attractions along the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.

8. Raglan Castle

Location: Near Monmouth, South East Wales
Why Visit?

  • 15th-Century Gem: Not quite as ancient as the Edwardian castles, Raglan dates to the 15th century and boasts both medieval and Tudor elements.
  • Grand Residence: The castle was adapted into a luxurious Tudor-style home, complete with landscaped gardens and stylish living quarters.
  • Civil War History: Raglan was the last major stronghold to fall during the English Civil War, and its ruins still reflect the fierce battles that once took place there.

What to Do: Wander through the Great Tower and marvel at the elaborate gatehouse. The castle’s open-air setting also makes it a prime spot for summer events and open-air theatre performances.

Tips for Visiting Welsh Castles

  1. Check Opening Times: Many castles have seasonal schedules, and some may be closed on particular days or during inclement weather. Always verify in advance.
  2. Consider a Heritage Pass: Cadw (the Welsh government’s heritage service) and the National Trust offer memberships that grant access to multiple sites, potentially saving you money if you plan to visit several castles.
  3. Attend Special Events: Keep an eye on castle calendars for medieval fairs, battle reenactments, or cultural festivals. These immersive events can transport you back in time and enrich your visit.
  4. Explore the Surrounding Area: The landscapes around these castles—ranging from coastal shores to rolling countryside—are part of the magic of visiting Wales. Plan time for scenic walks or local markets near each site.

Conclusion
From commanding medieval fortresses in North Wales to the charming ruins dotting the southern landscape, Wales’s castles are windows into centuries of history. Whether you’re seeking a day trip from Cardiff, a scenic detour through the mountains of Snowdonia, or a journey into the Tudor era, there is a Welsh castle to captivate every traveler. With storied walls and stunning backdrops at every turn, the Land of Castles truly lives up to its name—and beckons you to explore its timeless tales.